Although evidence supporting young people’s addictions policies is accumulating, the field is underdeveloped compared to adult orientated actions. Currently, for many areas of concern it is difficult to make strong evidence based recommendations to EU policy makers on effective policy actions for young people.

Key words: Young People, Policy options, evaluation framework, addiction

Lead author(s): Brotherhood & Sumnall

Governance of addictions in Europe can be classified into four typologies based on the strategy of their policies and the organizational structure of their governments.

Key words: policy strategy, organizational structure, typologies, governance of addictions

Lead author(s): Ysa & Albareda

In-lab exposure to alcohol advertisement causes physiological cue-reactivity and craving in alcohol dependent patients. However, the level of exposure to alcohol adverts in patients’ daily lives can not be demonstrated to affect the course of alcohol dependence.

Key words: craving, advertisement, alcohol, dependence

Lead author(s): Witteman

Understanding human evolutionary behaviour and the common mismatch between the way we run our lives in present times and the way our lives were run in the environment in which we evolved can provide better pointers as to what needs to be done to reduce the ill-health and premature death resulting from the use of alcohol and drugs.

Key words: ill-health, heavy use, drugs, evolutionary behaviour

Lead author(s): Anderson

Frequency of supply, price levels, quality and quantity of supplies, typical places and dealing techniques are different at various levels of the illicit drug supply chain and areas of Italy, outlining two main categories of dealers, each with typical characteristics: those who work as part of a criminal organization and those who work independently.

Key words: business strategies, drug dealing, motivations, organized crime

Lead author(s): Tzvetkova, Pardal, Disley