Corporate actors use a wider variety of channels to engage with policy makers. Not all of these are openly acknowledged. Policy makers’ are not always aware of these channels with potentially serious consequences for evidence based policy making.

Key words: channels, political action, addictions, corporate actors

Lead author(s): Miller

Understanding human evolutionary behaviour and the common mismatch between the way we run our lives in present times and the way our lives were run in the environment in which we evolved can provide better pointers as to what needs to be done to reduce the ill-health and premature death resulting from the use of alcohol and drugs.

Key words: ill-health, heavy use, drugs, evolutionary behaviour

Lead author(s): Anderson

New modes of civil engagement and a globalized industry represent new challenges for civil society and its role in the future governance of addictions.

Key words: governance, civil society, engagement, globalization, addiction

Lead author(s): Hellman

Reduced exposure to three addictive substances (alcohol, cigarettes, illegal drugs) could save many lives in Catalonia, Poland and Portugal

Key words: mortality burden, avoidable cost, drugs, productivity loss

Lead author(s): Mielecka-Kubien, Okulicz-Kozaryn, Zin-Sedek

Determinants at the level of the social, economic and political environment are more important in the transition to risky substance use and gambling whilst determinants at the individual and sub-individual level of analysis are more dominant in the transition to harmful behaviours.

Key words: determinants, harmful behaviour, transitions, risky behaviour

Lead author(s): Lees, Gell, McLeod, Bühringer, Meier, Lingford-Hughes, Holmes, Forberger