Corporate actors use a wider variety of channels to engage with policy makers. Not all of these are openly acknowledged. Policy makers’ are not always aware of these channels with potentially serious consequences for evidence based policy making.

Key words: channels, political action, addictions, corporate actors

Lead author(s): Miller

In-lab exposure to alcohol advertisement causes physiological cue-reactivity and craving in alcohol dependent patients. However, the level of exposure to alcohol adverts in patients’ daily lives can not be demonstrated to affect the course of alcohol dependence.

Key words: craving, advertisement, alcohol, dependence

Lead author(s): Witteman

Reduced exposure to three addictive substances (alcohol, cigarettes, illegal drugs) could save many lives in Catalonia, Poland and Portugal

Key words: mortality burden, avoidable cost, drugs, productivity loss

Lead author(s): Mielecka-Kubien, Okulicz-Kozaryn, Zin-Sedek

Frequency of supply, price levels, quality and quantity of supplies, typical places and dealing techniques are different at various levels of the illicit drug supply chain and areas of Italy, outlining two main categories of dealers, each with typical characteristics: those who work as part of a criminal organization and those who work independently.

Key words: business strategies, drug dealing, motivations, organized crime

Lead author(s): Tzvetkova, Pardal, Disley

An increased convergence of 'addiction' policies in EU Member States has been found, with some interesting similarities of policies in the fields of licit and illicit drugs

Key words: trends, addiction policies, forces, decision making

Lead author(s): Franz Trautmann